Surgem alegações que militares sauditas estão a participar na repressão no Bahrain (via Reason Hit and Run), embora eu não saiba até que ponto é possivel distinguir um saudita de um bahraini (desconheço se há alguma diferença - de aparência física ou de sotaque - facilmente observável).
De qualquer maneira, já no caso egipcio a monarquia saudita tinha tentado desempenhar o papel de guardiã das autocracias árabes, oferecendo-se para substituir os EUA como financiador do regime de Mubarak.
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Intervenção saudita no Bahrain?
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
15:03
1 comentários
Petróleo saudita - auto-destrutivel?
Há uma teoria de que a industria petrolifera saudita está preparada para se auto-destruir (ou ser hetero-destruida com apenas um clique no botão) em caso de invasão externa ou de uma mudança de regime:
The dust jacket of Gerald Posner's Secrets of the Kingdom calls it an "explosive study" of Saudi Arabia. In 14 of its 15 chapters that's not true, but in chapter 10 it is -- literally.Essa teoria é bastante duvidosa, mas se for verdade, temos que nos preparar para uma catastrofe ambiental e um salto nos preços do petróleo no caso dos protestos no mundo árabe chegarem à Arábia Saudita.
There Posner reports that Saudi Arabia has wired all of its major oil facilities with interlocking Semtex explosive charges that can be detonated from a single control point. Moreover, he says, the Saudis have blended radioactive materials into the Semtex so that detonation would not only destroy the facilities but also contaminate them beyond repair.
Why would the Saudis set off what's essentially a networked dirty bomb over their oil infrastructure? Because, according to Posner, they want to make certain that nobody could benefit from invading their country or taking down the ruling House of Saud. If the al Saud family goes, Posner writes, the world's petroleum-based economy goes with it.
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
12:54
0
comentários
Todo o poder depende do consentimento dos governados
Roderick T. Long, aqui[pdf] e aqui:
[A]s we have learned from La Boétie and Hume, state power does not and cannot maintain itself by force alone; as rulers are typically outnumbered by those whom they rule, states of any kind – democratic or otherwise – can maintain their claim to authority only so long as most of their subjects continue to act in ways that reinforce that claim.1 Hence while all states do in fact make threats of violence against their subjects (as is entailed by their status as territorial monopolists of the use and/or authorisation of force), the survival of the state system requires inducing acquiescence in the subject populace by means other than such threats alone. (...)*********************
The inadequacy of violent means for the state’s maintenance might be doubted, of course. After all, while La Boétie blithely tells us, “Resolve to serve no more, and you are once freed,” this advice might seem to run up against a collective action problem: if only a few individuals withdraw their support while most of their fellow subjects maintain their compliance, the force of the state will ordinarily be quite sufficient to bring them in line. It might thus seem as though the state could compel all by force, simply by compelling each. (...) But the effectiveness of collective action problems by themselves in preventing mass disobedience is probably overstated; when the public mood is strong enough, collective-action constraints seem to melt away, as for example with mass resistance to the Ceauşescu regime in Romania in 1989.
We can now add another example: the Mubarak regime in Egypt in 2011. (We should also add the Ben Ali regime in Tunisia, whose overthrow helped to inspire events in Egypt.)
Of course Egypt’s not out of the woods yet. While the people have in fact been maintaining order anarchistically for the past few weeks, they are not ideologically anarchist, do not yet understand the extent of their power and potential for autonomy, and so will doubtless end up supporting the replacement of the Mubarak regime with some other state regime – and what sort of regime they will get remains to be seen. But it is to be hoped that they have learned this much: if they tire of the new regime, they know how to get rid of it.
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
12:12
2
comentários
Separação do Estado e Casamento - Re: Privatização do casamento?
O termo "privatização" não me parece o mais adequado, não será preferível falar em separação do Estado e Casamento?
Publicada por
CN
em
09:02
2
comentários
Etiquetas: Textos de Carlos Novais
Justin Raimondo on Fox Business Channel (video)
Justin Raimundo, o libertarian editor do www.antiwar.com na Fox graças ao libertarian Judge Andrew Napolitano, no seu programa Freedom Watch [não se quanto tempo até ter algum "problema" na Fox quanto à sua política editorial, mas até lá...]
Publicada por
CN
em
08:57
5
comentários
Etiquetas: Textos de Carlos Novais
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Sobre o fundamentalismo islâmico
De tanto se gritar "lobo" a propósito do Egipto, ninguém vai notar se afinal o canídeo ir uivar no Bahrein.
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
13:56
0
comentários
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Reflexão acerca do "Verão Azul"
Comentário de uma colega de trabalho sobre essa série - "Nos dias de hoje isso não podia passar na televisão; há cenas em que eles vão fumar às escondidas"
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
22:22
1 comentários
Os limites naturais à dimensão das empresas
Merger Monday and the Destruction of Wealth
Murray Rothbard extended Mises's analyses to considering the size of firms, and the problem of resource allocation under socialism to the context of vertical integration and the size of an organization. He wrote that the
ultimate limits are set on the relative size of the firm by the necessity of markets to exist in every factor, in order to make it possible for the firm to calculate its profits and losses.
To make implicit estimates, there must be an explicit market. "When an entrepreneur receives income, in other words, he receives a complex of various functional incomes," Rothbard wrote. "To isolate them by calculation, there must be in existence an external market to which the entrepreneur can refer."
As firms get too big, economic calculation gets muddied because firms do not receive the profit-and-loss signals for their internal transactions. Managers are lost as to how to allocate land and labor to provide maximum profits or to serve customers best.
As these firms grow (especially by acquisition), one part of the company is often the provider and another part of the company is the customer, yet there are no market prices to allocate resources efficiently.
(...)
Professor Klein makes the point that
as soon as the firm expands to the point where at least one external market has disappeared, however, the calculation problem exists. The difficulties become worse and worse as more and more external markets disappear, as [quoting Rothbard]
Publicada por
CN
em
13:05
0
comentários
Etiquetas: Textos de Carlos Novais
Monday, February 14, 2011
"Morrer sozinho"
...e eventualmente ainda ficar alguns dias morto em casa até darem connosco.
É bom sinal:
a) quer dizer que sobrevivemos à infância e adolescência - nessas idades, não morreríamos sozinhos, teríamos os país e irmãos a viver connosco
b) para a maior parte das pessoas (nem todas), quererá dizer que sobreviveram à maior parte da idade adulta - nessa idade, muita gente tem conjugues/companheiros, filhos e afins em casa, logo não morreriam sozinhos
c) muito provavelmente, também será sinal que uns dias/horas/minutos ainda estavam funcionais, sem grandes problemas de visão, locomoção, higiene, etc. - normalmente as pessoas vão para lares ou para casa de familiares quando começam a ter dificuldade em serem autónomos
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
22:33
0
comentários
Tunisia e Egipto - o papel dos sindicatos
Trade unions: the revolutionary social network at play in Egypt and Tunisia, no Comment is Free/The Guardian:
Perhaps the most overlooked factor in the demise of the authoritarian Ben Ali regime in Tunisia, and the weakening of Hosni Mubarak's grip on state power in Egypt, has been the trade unions in both countries.[Via Esquerda Republicana]
While the media has reported on social networks such as Twitter and Facebook as revolutionary methods of mobilisation, it was the old-fashioned working class that enabled the pro-democracy movements to flourish.
As working men and women in Egypt became increasingly vulnerable to exploitation and a deteriorating quality of life, the only legal trade unions – the ones affiliated to the Egyptian Trade Union Federation (ETUF) – proved worthless. The result of all of this was an unprecedented wave of strikes across the public and private sectors that began in 2004 and has continued to the present day. During the first four years of the current strike wave, more than 1,900 strikes took place and an estimated 1.7 million workers were involved.
(...)
The state-controlled ETUF opposed these strikes and supported the government's privatisation plans. A turning point was reached when municipal tax collectors not only went on strike, but staged a three-day, 10,000-strong sit-in in the streets of Cairo, opposite the prime minister's office.
This could not be ignored, and the government was forced to allow the formation last year of the first independent trade union in more than half a century.
(...)
In sharp contrast to the last seven years of Egyptian labour unrest, the Tunisian trade unions played a kingmaker role during the end phase of the uprising.
After decades of lethargy, docility and state domination of the General Tunisian Workers' Union (UGTT), Tunisia's largest employee organisation –with roughly half a million members – helped not only eradicate Ben Ali's regime, but determined the shape of the post-Ben Ali government.
Working-class Tunisians were animated by the same goals as their Egyptian counterparts; namely, the desire to secure dignity and respect, bring about real political democracy, and improve their standard of living.
Mushrooming disapproval of Ben Ali's regime among trade union members, coupled with a vibrant youth movement demanding dignity and greater employment opportunities, seems to explain the shift of top-level UGTT officials who had hitherto been loyal Ben Ali.
(...)
In a precursor to the December-January protests against Ben Ali's corrupt system, phosphate mine workers in Gafsa waged a six-month battle against a manipulated recruitment process which sparked resistance among young unemployed workers. Rising discontent with the nepotism and cronyism of the state-controlled UGTT prompted workers to occupy the regional office.
This means that participatory economic democracy played a decisive role in Tunisian society before the Jasmine revolution. Ben Ali swiftly suffocated free and democratic trade union activity during his 23-year domination over organised labour (1987-2011). But he could not extinguish democratic aspirations among workers.
There are no exact parallels, but much of this reminds us of what happened in Poland in 1979-80. There, as in Egypt and Tunisia, we saw a mixture of a repressive, single-party state with trade unions that functioned as an arm of the ruling party. But there was also a network of NGOs that quietly worked behind the scenes, in workplaces and communities.
The result was the 1980 strike at the Lenin shipyard in Gdansk, the formation of Solidarnosc, and the end not only of the Communist regime in Poland but of the entire Soviet empire.
Today's pro-democracy revolutions in Egypt and Tunisia are the culmination of that process, and where it will lead we cannot predict – though Poland does provide an appealing model.
The pressing point is that experts misjudged the tumult in Egypt and Tunisia largely because they ignored and overlooked the democratic aspirations of working-class Tunisians and Egyptians. To understand why so many authoritarian Arab regimes remain fragile, one need to only to look through the window on to the court of labour relations.
E, entretanto, no Egipto - "Egypt's military leaders are reportedly preparing to ban strikes and act against "chaos and disorder" in an attempt to restore order in the country following weeks of protests that led to overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak" (Al-Jazeera)
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
11:55
0
comentários
Uma coisa que ainda não percebi muito bem acerca do Egipto
O que é que foi feito do Hosni Bubarak?
Não me refiro, claro, ao Mubarak enquanto presidente do Egipto (sei perfeitamente que foi destituído); é mesmo a respeito do Mubarak enquanto pessoa física que ainda não percebi o que foi feito dele (foi para o exilio? para Sharm el-Sheikh? Está detido? Evaporou-se?). É que nunca mais ouvi falar dele.
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
00:10
1 comentários
Saturday, February 12, 2011
Sondagem egípcia
Sondagem telefónica feita no Cairo e Alexandria entre 5 e 8 de Fevereiro [pdf], feita pela Pechter Middle East Polls para o Washington Institute for Near East Policy (um think-thank conotado com o lobby pro-Israel).
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
23:47
0
comentários
Friday, February 11, 2011
Thursday, February 10, 2011
Jogos de computador
Videogames and the sexual division of labour, no Worthwhile Canadian Initiative:
I'm talking here about a special subcategory of videogames: World of Warcraft, Everquest, Halo. These games have three crucial features.
First, they require large human capital investments. For example, in MMORPG (massively multiplayer on-line role-playing games) like World of Warcraft, the player spends countless hours creating a character with special talents, skills, money, and other resources. Other games require the player to learn to navigate around huge imaginary hazard-filled worldds.
Second, they provide outputs that are close substitutes for real-world goods and services. Indeed, there are valuable commodities that individuals in post-industrial economies can achieve more easily through gaming than market or household production. As noted gaming expert David Wong writes, satisfying work requires autonomy, complexity, and connection between effort and reward, noting:
Most people, particularly in the young gamer demographics, don't have this in their jobs or in any aspect of their everyday lives. But the most addictive video games are specifically geared to give us all three... or at least the illusion of all three.
Há uns tempos que estou para escrever um post sobre o tema "porque é que as pessoas se cansam enquanto trabalham?" (relacionado com esta discussão); em parte terá a ver com isto.
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
15:07
0
comentários
O caso Augusta Martinho
Isto pode parecer a contra-corrente do que quase toda a gente anda a dizer, mas os adultos têm o direito a desaparecer, se assim bem entenderem. A que propósito os serviços administrativos, a GNR ou lá quem fosse iriam entrar em casa da senhora à sua procura? Por ela não aparecer há meses/anos? E depois? Se eu decidisse fazer uma viagem durante alguns meses, e não avisasse os meus vizinhos (e a que propósito os iria avisar?), isso seria razão para a PSP ir a minha casa ver se eu estava lá?
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
13:53
3
comentários
Wednesday, February 09, 2011
As várias forças no Egipto
Why Mukarak is out, por Paul Amar, no site Jadaliyya (via Al-Jazeera e Reason Hit and Run), sobre os diferentes grupos em em presença no Egipto, tanto na oposição como dentro do regime.
Nomeadamente, o autor considera que, dentro do regime há uma divisão entre, por um lado, o exército, o vice-presidente Suleiman e a burguesia nacional/industrial, e por outro a policia, a familia Mubarak e a nova burguesia que enriqueceu com as privatizações (segundo ele, o que aconteceu a 26 e 27 Janeiro foi quase um "golpe militar" em que o primeiro grupo afastou o segundo).
Publicada por
Miguel Madeira
em
10:01
0
comentários
O martelo transformista
Por grosso, a coisa resume-se à regurgitação do credo revolucionário de Thomas Paine. (...) [O]s repetidores actuais dispensam-se de maçadas e declaram a democracia como o único sistema de governo, intrínseca e irrestritamente bom. Pouco lhes importa que na Inglaterra, onde Paine nasceu, a "universalização" da democracia foi o resultado de quase um século de reformas políticas graduais; ou que os EUA (...) tenham nascido como projecto republicano, só posterior e gradualmente democratizado. Não lhes ocorre, ou não lhes interessa, considerar as consequências potencialmente desastrosas da súbita introdução da "democracia" num país sem qualquer simulacro verosímil de Estado de Direito e em particular, sem um poder judicial independente e imparcial.(...)
Contrariar os desejos da turba, ou mostrar cepticismo quanto à prioridade da "democracia", assegura imediatamente a condenação moral de "colaboracionismo" com a autocracia do senhor Mubarak, uma condenação sem recurso já aplicada às políticas externas dos países ocidentais. Rousseau e Paine também supunham que a política externa era uma "conspiração" de governos corruptos contra "os povos", e, à semelhança de Trotsky, não lhe viam qualquer utilidade depois do "triunfo revolucionário". As suas réplicas actuais desdobram-se em argumentos engenhosos para demonstrar a inocuidade prospectiva da Irmandade Islâmica e a desnecessidade de qualquer política externa: basta abençoar a democratização imediata do Egipto e o mundo árabe vai de si mesmo. (...) Emancipar o Egipto exige dotar o país de um Estado de Direito que faculte aos egípcios o acesso legal à propriedade, uma tarefa complexa que necessita do apoio de uma diplomacia ocidental cuidadosa e sofisticada. Insistir na democracia sem cuidar desta e de outras questões institucionais dará péssimo resultado; argumentar que a democracia encarregar-se-á de resolver os problemas, oscila entre a desonestidade e a ignorância, mas como dizia Mark Twain, quando só se tem um martelo, tudo se parece com um prego."
Publicada por
CN
em
09:44
3
comentários
Etiquetas: Textos de Carlos Novais
THE MYTH OF THE RULE OF LAW by John Hasnas
Um interessante texto para juristas e não-juristas e em especial para aqueles (comum no anglo-saxonismo) que levantam a bandeira to "THE RULE OF LAW". Encontrado a partir de outro texto interessante Locke, Smith, Marx and the Labor Theory of Value, STEPHAN KINSELLA (o jurista libertarian anti-propriedade intelectual).
THE MYTH OF THE RULE OF LAW, by John Hasnas
Na conclusão:
The fact is that there is no such thing as a government of law and not people. The law is an amalgam of contradictory rules and counter-rules expressed in inherently vague language that can yield a legitimate legal argument for any desired conclusion. For this reason, as long as the law remains a state monopoly, it will always reflect the political ideology of those invested with decisionmaking power. Like it or not, we are faced with only two choices. We can continue the ideological power struggle for control of the law in which the group that gains dominance is empowered to impose its will on the rest of society or we can end the monopoly.
Our long-standing love affair with the myth of the rule of law has made us blind to the latter possibility. Like the Monosizeans, who after centuries of state control cannot imagine a society in which people can buy whatever size shoes they wish, we cannot conceive of a society in which individuals may purchase the legal services they desire. The very idea of a free market in law makes us uncomfortable. But it is time for us to overcome this discomfort and consider adopting Socrates' approach. We must recognize that our love for the rule of law is unrequited, and that, as so often happens in such cases, we have become enslaved to the object of our desire.
No clearer example of this exists than the legal process by which our Constitution was transformed from a document creating a government of limited powers and guaranteed rights into one which provides the justification for the activities of the all-encompassing super-state of today.
However heart-wrenching it may be, we must break off this one-sided affair. The time has come for those committed to individual liberty to realize that the establishment of a truly free society requires the abandonment of the myth of the rule of law.
Publicada por
CN
em
09:27
0
comentários
Etiquetas: anarquismo, Textos de Carlos Novais



