Wednesday, November 06, 2019

Sindicalismo "gig"?

Strike 2.0: how gig economy workers are using tech to fight back, no Guardian:

With this level of technological surveillance by bosses, what hope remains for workers’ attempts to challenge their decisions, especially when that technology is embedded within an employment system that classifies Deliveroo riders as self-employed contractors, shorn of many basic labour rights? The answer is: plenty. As Jamie Woodcock, a sociologist of work at Oxford University, puts it, the digital outsourcing model on which Uber and Deliveroo are built throws up a double precariousness: one for workers, and another for bosses – who, with virtually no human managers overseeing their workforce, have few tools at their disposal to deal with organised resistance. (...)

This kind of fightback can be found throughout the contemporary economy. New apps abound that allow workers to log abuse by managers, read up on their rights, organise their workplace and compare pay rates both with those in similar jobs in their industry and with their own company’s financial results, a powerful weapon for agitating colleagues and rejecting management explanations for low wages. The information asymmetry at the core of digital platforms such as Uber is gradually being undermined by a vibrant network of driver forums with hundreds of thousands of members sharing stories, advice, communications from Uber received through the app and payment details, including screenshots of receipts and monthly income tallies. These enable drivers to collectively gain an understanding of how the app’s secretive ratings systems and dispatch algorithms actually operate. Among other things, this sort of crowdsourced information provides drivers with the opportunity to game the system, for example by agreeing to log off from the app simultaneously, thereby tricking Uber’s algorithms into thinking there is a shortage of drivers and implementing surge pricing to tempt them back.

Tuesday, November 05, 2019

Proibição de divulgação de sondagens em Espanha


Os paradoxos dos "mercenários de fim de semana"

“Don’t Trust Civilization”: ‘Soldier of Fortune’ Magazine and the Masculine Myth (em We Are the Mutants):

It’s certainly not a coincidence that the first issue of Soldier of Fortune: The Journal of Professional Adventurers was published in spring 1975, mere months after the Fall of Saigon. The man behind the magazine, Robert K. Brown, was a U.S. Army veteran who had served in Vietnam as a Green Beret in Special Operations Group (SOG) from 1968 to 1969. Brown wanted to repair the “image of the warrior,” so tarnished in the public eye after Vietnam, and, to a large extent, he did: SOF was a massive success for over a decade, selling more than 180,000 copies a month by 1988. (...)

The first question it throws up to me, though, is, if it’s all about being a mercenary, why are there so many articles about the bloody army? All these “mavericks” who want to be beoutside the establishment—what’s more establishment than a fucking army? Though it makes sense, I suppose, given that another reason for SOF‘s existence was presumably the ready-made readership of ex-Vietnam personnel who, understandably, often felt that the awful things they’d been put through were being ignored by society, and found themselves with a trauma-embedded toolkit of skills that didn’t have much application in civilian life. (...)

Ultimately, the contemporaneous publication I’d most readily compare early Soldier of Fortune to is—and stay with me here—the early run of High Times. Each publication aims its content at a niche audience whose activities must remain nominally undetected by law enforcement. This audience therefore demands globe-trotting reporting that requires a modicum of quasi-libertarian, “gonzo,” go-anywhere-do-anything journalism. Before the internet, these varied crowds of liminal interest groups needed publications like these—available on any newsstand—to interact and to do business.
A High Times é uma revista dedicada à cannabis, provavelmente com uma audiência muito diferente da Soldiers of Fortune (mas, segundos os autores do artigo, se calhar com mais em comum do que se poderia pensar).

Quase como bónus, o artigo também fala sobre o realizador John Milius e alguns dos seus filmes.

Politica de integração das minorias étnicas

Male Chinese ‘Relatives’ Assigned to Uyghur Homes Co-sleep With Female ‘Hosts’(Radio Free Asia):

Male Han Chinese “relatives” assigned to monitor the homes of Uyghur families in northwest China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) regularly sleep in the same beds as the wives of men detained in the region’s internment camps, according to sources who have overseen the forced stayovers.

Since late 2017, Muslim—and particularly Uyghur—families in the XUAR have been required to invite officials into their homes and provide them with information about their lives and political views, while hosts are also subjected to political indoctrination.

Monday, November 04, 2019

Queixas dos professores no Império Assírio


Os EUA também já exportam para a China,

Made In America: For $9.50 An Hour, They Brew Tear Gas For Hong Kong (BuzzFeed News):

A BuzzFeed News investigation found low-paid American workers producing tear gas in potentially dangerous conditions. It's then shipped to Hong Kong, where it's used against pro-democracy protesters.

Friday, November 01, 2019

A "classe operária branca" é na verdade muita "pequena-burguesia branca" - de novo

Parece que no Reino Unido, o UKIP também é largamente um partido dos trabalhadores por conta própria.

Working class votes and Conservative losses: solving the UKIP puzzle, por Geoffrey Evans e Jonathan Mellon, no blog da LSE:

However, there is a further point also not previously noted. Not only is UKIP attracting, primarily, disaffected former Labour voters from the Conservatives and elsewhere, but the working class basis of UKIP has been markedly over-stated. Working class voters are a little more likely to support UKIP than other classes, but there is stronger support among the self-employed and business owners, who were Mrs Thatcher’s hard-core supporters, not Labour’s.Even within the working class, the strongest UKIPers are the lower supervisory category, who are not the disadvantaged semi- and unskilled workers that have been thought to provide the core of UKIP support.
O post é um resumo de um paper, que imagino seja mais aprofundado - Working Class Votes and Conservative Losses: Solving the UKIP Puzzle, por Geoffrey Evans e Jonathan Mellon, Parliamentary Affairs, Volume 69, Issue 2, April 2016, Pages 464–479

A este respeito, ver também  A "classe operária branca" é na verdade muita "pequena-burguesia branca" e Ainda a "classe operária".

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Tropas norte-americanas vagueiam pelo Médio Oriente

Hundreds of U.S. Troops Leaving, and Also Arriving in, Syria (New York Times).

Ainda a vaga de protestos na América Latina

Why Latin America Was Primed to Explode, por Moisés Naím and Brian Winter (Foreign Affairs):

At this early stage, it is impossible to say how important foreign interference has been in igniting or sustaining the protests.According to the Chilean newspaper La Tercera, Chilean police have identified several Venezuelans and Cubans who participated in violent attacks in Santiago in mid-October, to cite one example. But the scale and unrelenting nature of the protests, which brought more than one million of Chile’s 18 million citizens into the streets on October 25, suggest that the root causes are large and structural. The focus on conspiracy theories, moreover, risks giving politicians and other elites a handy scapegoat.

Monday, October 28, 2019

Uma análise crítica pela esquerda ao governo boliviano

Bolivian Horizons: An Interview with Pablo Solón, na International Viewpoint (revista/site da IV Internacional, trotskista/"mandelista", a fação representada em Portugal pelo ex-PSR).

Note-se que, embora publicado hoje, o artigo é de 22 de outubro, e grande parte é a transcrição de uma conversa ocorrida a 29 de agosto (ou seja, está muito desatualizado - mesmo a parte escrita à poucos dias tem passagens como " It will be days before the detailed count is finished, but the margin of difference in the detailed account appears to be closer, making a run-off election very likely.").

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Houve um "milagre chileno"?

There was no “Chilean Miracle”, por "Pseudoerasmus" (atenção que isto é um texto de 2016):

Almost all of the economic growth in the Pinochet years was simply recovery from recession, i.e., closing the output gaps that he himself created. There was no change in trend output growth, which is sort of what we expect from ‘miracles’ in economic development. (...)

But the actually existing Chile is no closer to convergence with the rich countries than it was in 1930. The best you can say for Chile is it has reversed its relative decline a little more than Argentina and Uruguay. (See first chart above.)

Chile’s GDP per capita is somewhat higher than Argentina’s or Uruguay’s, but all three are middle-income countries at more than $20,000 in current international dollars.

However, Chileans work longer hours than Argentines (....)

Argentina has also higher productivity levels than Chile. (See GDP per worker hour and TFP for Argentina, and for Chile.) 

(...) Uruguay, despite having a lower GDP per capita , has a higher mean income than Chile at every quintile of the income distribution, except the top. I suspect something similar prevails for Argentina. (...)

So it’s not at all clear the somewhat higher per capita income in Chile versus Argentina and Uruguay reflects a real difference in welfare.
Como eu já disse várias vezes, o eu linkar para um artigo não indica necessariamente concordância (nomeadamente, neste caso, eu estar a linkar para o post de Pseudoerasmos não implica que eu esteja a concordar com as críticas que lá ele também faz às políticas de Allende).

Já agora, ver Milagre Chileno?, Milagre Chileno (II), (III) e (IV), uma série de posts que escrevi em 2006 sobre o assunto.

As eleições bolivianas foram provavelmente fraudulentas

Pelo menos os indícios são os mesmos que nas eleições hondurenhas de 2017 - a contagem estava a indicar um resultado, depois parou misteriosamente durante para aí um dia, e quando recomeçou a contagem o resultado inverteu-se.

E isto para não falar de Evo Morales (de quem eu já fui uma espécie de defensor - ver aqui ou aqui) se ter recandidatado apesar de ter havido um referendo que rejeitou o fim dos limites à reeleição.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

"Joker" e a gentrificação

Toda a gente julgava que o filme "Joker" ia provocar tiroteios em massa, mas afinal o grande receio agora é que cause gentrificação.

Joker fans, it sounds like the Bronx really doesn't want you to come to those stairs (Time Out):

Not to our surprise, it turns out that you have delightfully strong opinions when it comes to those Joker steps. Yesterday, we posted the tip that the movie's now-iconic staircase wasn't built for the production but is an actual Bronx location. Cue clown-tastrophe: Your responses on Facebook and Twitter were voluminous.

There were those who warned off comics nerds from traveling to a rough neighborhood (you don't know how tenacious comics nerds are).....

But mainly, no one wants to see gentrification arrive
O que seria mesmo uma referência "meta" seria se no filme, a juntar a todos os seus problemas, houvesse uma cena em que protagonista corresse o risco de ser despejado por o bairro estar a ficar muito popular entre turistas que vinham ver uma escadaria que apareceu num filme famoso.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Ainda os telemóveis nas escolas

A respeito da proibição de telemóveis nas escolas, a MAGG publica uma reportagem sobre o assunto em que parece defender entusiasticamente a ideia, dando como exemplos 5 escolas e dizendo que falaram "com 5 pais e a opinião é unânime: os filhos ficam a ganhar"; mas noto que em momento algum da reportagem falaram com os alunos (que em principio seriam os mais indicados para dizer que ficaram a ganhar).

Toda a conversa parece ser que, com a proibição, "os alunos fazem aquilo que se fazia nos tempos pré-touch: correm, saltam, jogam à bola, conversar, interagem", mas isso parece-me mais conservadorismo que outra coisa - quase que imagino facilmente que há uns cento e tal anos alguém poderia querer proibir que se jogasse futebol nas escolas com argumentos do tipo "os alunos fazem aquilo que faziam nos tempos pré-esférico - sobem às árvores, brincam com fisgas, jogam à apanhada...". Isso e mais um preconceito a favor de atividades sociais com pessoas presentes fisicamente, em detrimento, tanto de atividades não-sociais (ex. jogos eletrónicos) como de atividades sociais com pessoas não presentes fisicamente (ex.. estar a trocar mensagens com amigos do bairro ou da escola primária em vez de estar a falar com os colegas de turma*).

Ainda por cima, noto uma coisa - essas escolas que proíbem o uso de telemóveis tendem a proibi-los sobretudo no 5º ao 6º ano, ou eventualmente no 5º ao 9º ano - ou seja, exatamente na faixa etária (pré-adolescência) em que as conversas e atividades no recreio tendem a ser mais idiotas (basicamente, nessa fase já se passou a idade de brincar e ainda não se entrou na idade de falar de coisas sérias, portanto a interação no recreio tende a ser ocupada, na melhor das hipóteses com "small talk", na pior com parvoíces), logo em que até é natural que muita gente prefira ocupar o tempo com o telemóvel.

*Eu, no 5º e no 6º anos, praticamente mal falava com os meus colegas de turma e tentava aproveitar todas as oportunidades para estar era com os meus ex-colegas da primária, logo acho perfeitamente normal que se prefira interagir com outras pessoas que não aquelas que o acaso pôs ao nosso lado na turma (por outro lado, se calhar alguns estão a pensar "ok, já deu para perceber que o Miguel anda perto de ser uma espécie de misantropo, logo é incapaz de perceber a vantagem da proibição dos telemóveis, que é exatamente contribuir para que as novas gerações não sejam como você").

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Análise às situações na Bolívia e no Chile

Latin America Risk Report - 24 October 2019, por James Bosworth, - "Bolivia's protests were expected. Chile's protests were not".

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Bolivia

Num momento em que se fala bastante do Equador e do Chile, não se esqueçam também da Bolívia.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Os zombies no Haiti - mito ou alguma realidade?

When Zora Neale Hurston Studied Zombies in Haiti, por Charles King (Zora.Medium):

Religion depended on categories, Hurston was coming to realize: the sacred and the profane, the ethereal and the earth-bound, the miraculous and the commonplace. In Manhattan and Eatonville, there were only two boxes, the living and the dead. But Haitians had added a third, a way of being neither one nor the other, or perhaps both at the same time: zonbi, or as Seabrook spelled it in The Magic Island: zombie. (...)

At one point during her stay, Hurston visited a Haitian hospital. In the yard near the fence, she found a woman who had just been served dinner. Huddled in a defensive position, the woman had barely touched her food. Seeing Hurston approach, she pulled a branch from a nearby shrub and began to sweep the ground. She kept her head covered with a cloth, wary and fearful, as if expecting to be hit. A doctor pulled the cloth from her face, but she flung her arms up, bending them around her head like a turtle retreating into its shell.

Her name, Hurston learned, was Felicia Felix-Mentor. She had grown up in Ennery, a village on the road between Gonaïves and Cap-Haïtien, where she and her husband had managed a small grocery store. The stunning thing about this woman was that medical records showed that she had died in 1907. Hurston snapped several pictures of Felix-Mentor, one of which she later published in Life magazine. It remains the first known photograph of a person whom her Haitian neighbors knew as a zombie.

What had happened to Felix-Mentor? Twenty-nine years earlier, her funeral had taken place. She had been mourned, but her family quickly moved on with life. Her husband took a new wife. Her son grew into a man. But then, the autumn before Hurston visited, gendarmes had encountered a woman walking naked along a country road.

Sobre o nacional-conservadorismo, comércio livre, política industrial, etc.

What the Hell Is ‘National Conservatism’ Anyway?, por Park MacDougald:

Beyond these flash points, however, there were a few interesting discussions. “National conservatism” was never really defined, but broadly speaking, what unified the participants was a rejection of the small-government, free-market orthodoxy of the Obama-era Republican Party. Many took rhetorical swipes at “globalism” or “cosmopolitanism” or “libertarianism”; most spoke of rebuilding families and promoting a common American culture; a few, including Hillbilly Elegy author J.D. Vance, attacked pornography and spoke of the need for the government to do more to promote the common good. For the most part, these calls for a more activist vision of conservative government were vague; in some cases — as with former American Enterprise Institute president Chris DeMuth’s fulminations against costly regulations and government spending — they seemed like little more than attempts to rebrand small-government fusionism as “nationalist” by making a few token references to the importance of sovereignty. But the rhetorical shift is noteworthy in and of itself, and the energy was with those attempting to tear up the old GOP consensus, not trying to gently modify it.
E, a respeito disso e outros pontos, esta thread no Twitter de Noah Smith:
In the long term, the most important effect of Trump's trade war may be that it broke the dam that was holding back protectionist and industrial-policy ideas.

The intellectual hegemony of free trade is over, and won't be coming back again soon.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Vaga de agitação no planete Terra (II)

- Líbano
- Chile
- Catalunha

E estes são só os que começaram nos últimos dias

Friday, October 18, 2019

O acordo do Brexit como a rendição britânica na Irlanda do Norte

Johnson’s Suez (Flip Chart Fairy Tales):

Brexit was always going to destroy the delicate balance achieved by the peace process and the Good Friday agreement. Even if the suggested technological solutions had delivered all they promised it still wouldn’t have been enough. Identity and symbolism can’t be wished away. Even a completely invisible border policed by magic robots would be too much. Just knowing there is a border between you and the rest of your country is enough to rekindle the old hostilities.

Someone, then, was always going to lose out. In the event, it was the unionists. According to the deal negotiated by Boris Johnson there will be a trade border in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Northern Ireland. There is an attempt to fudge this by saying that Northern Ireland will be part of the UK for customs purposes but this is a face-saving formula. The customs and regulatory checks will take place in Irish Sea ports not on the Irish border. Our British businessman in Belfast will be the one completing the paperwork to trade with his country. We’ve ended up at Point A on the Brexit Trilemma.